Surah An-Nissa Ayah No 105 to 109

Surah An-Nissa Ayah # 105 to 109 (4:105 – 4:109)

A.   Translation

 

١٠٥  إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَلَا تَكُنْ لِلْخَائِنِينَ خَصِيمًا

[Quran 4:105] WE have Anzalna (أَنْزَلْنَا) upon you the Kitaab (الْكِتَابَ), with the Haqq (بِالْحَقِّ), so that you Hikma (لِتَحْكُمَ) between people with what Allah Ara’ika (أَرَاكَ) you. And do not Takun (تَكُنْ) to the Khas’eeman (خَصِيمًا) Khay’eneena (لِلْخَائِنِينَ).

 

١٠٦  وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا

[Quran 4:106] And Allah Astaghfire (وَاسْتَغْفِرِ). Indeed, Allah Kana (كَانَ) Ghafooran (غَفُورًا) Raheeman (رَحِيمًا).

 

١٠٧  وَلَا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا

[Quran 4:107] And do not Tujadil (تُجَادِلْ) through those who Yukhtanuna (يَخْتَانُونَ) their Nafs (أَنْفُسَهُمْ). Indeed, Allah does not love the one Kana (كَانَ) As’eman (أَثِيمًا) Khawanan (خَوَّانًا).

 

١٠٨  يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لَا يَرْضَىٰ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا

[Quran 4:108] They seek to hide from the people but they can not hide from Allah, and Allah is with them when they Yubayyetuna (يُبَيِّتُونَ) what Allah does not Yarza (يَرْضَىٰ) of the Quool (الْقَوْلِ). And Allah is all-encompassing with what they do.

 

١٠٩  هَا أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَمَنْ يُجَادِلُ اللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمْ مَنْ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا

[Quran 4:109] Those of you, who Jadaltum (جَادَلْتُمْ) for them in the Hayyat (الْحَيَاةِ) of the world, so who will Yujadilu (يُجَادِلُ) of Allah for them the day of the Qayyamate (الْقِيَامَةِ) or are they Yakunu (يَكُونُ) upon them Wakeelan (وَكِيلًا)?

 

B.   THE CONCEPT:

In earlier ayahs up to Ayah 104 of Sura Nissa, we have learnt the divine guidance keeping in consideration that the Kaafireen are distinct, clear enemies to the Momineen, we, as Momineen, are instructed to do Zikar of Allah, that is implement the commands of Allah, follow these laws as acts of gratitude and understand and implement Allah’s Hidaya, Qayaman- establish the Zikar, become the foundation of it and Qaudan and Junubekum- out of our own accord, without any force or compulsion by being steadfast and persistent, no matter what difficulties and hardships may come in our way, to distant and far off areas. Then when we are satisfied and contend then, we need to establish the S’alat since S’alat is decreed, made compulsory upon us as Momineen in the form of Mouqatan- that is the deadline, the goal, which we need to achieve, by being steadfast, setting goals, appointing of deadlines and timings in order to prove ourselves as Momineen. And until we establish the S’alat, we should not rest or be in our comfort zone, since just like we are a definite whole package of our beliefs, values, principals, considerations, etc., then indeed, they are also fixed in terms of their whole package of their beliefs, values, principals, considerations, etc. whereas the only distinction is that we as Momineen rely on, look forward to Allah for the purpose of recompense of our deeds, whereas they, as Kaafireen, do not look forward to, relying on Allah for the recompense.

 

Keeping in considerations the above-mentioned context, in the next Ayah 4:105, Allah says, “WE have Anzalna (أَنْزَلْنَا) upon you the Kitaab (الْكِتَابَ), with the Haqq (بِالْحَقِّ), so that you Hikma (لِتَحْكُمَ) between people with what Allah Ara’ika (أَرَاكَ) you….” Since Allah is the best of the best Hakeem, the law maker, the accountant and the judge, Allah has Anzalna, given to mankind all the wisdom in the form of Deen through the Kitaab, wherein laws of Deen have been made Kutiba- compulsory upon us to follow and abide by. The word Haqq, is used here in all of its meanings as absolute truth, absolute justice and as one’s duties and obligation. Thus, when Allah says, “WE have Anzalna upon the kitaab with the Haqq” it means that the Kitaab is given to us, as absolute truth, as there is no possibility of any falsehood or doubt in it. Additionally, it’s given as per absolute justice as per Allah’s solid judicial principals, and there is no possibility of any injustice as per Deen. Also, when Allah says that Allah has given the Kitaab with the Haqq, it means that it’s our bare minimum duty and obligation as Muslim, to follow the Deen, to abide by these laws of Deen as mentioned in the Kitaab and to be obedient to it in humbly submissive manner. It’s on the basis of this Kitaab that the recompense would be based on and our Akhira would be dependent upon us doing or not doing Abd of Allah through these laws. It’s because of this that Allah says “so that you do Hikm between people with what Allah Ara’ika you…” Since establishing S’alat is the key divine instructions to us as Momineen, with the basic pillars of justice, kindness, compassion and care among all, therefore to do Hikm between people, to be upholders of justice as ummat-e-Wusta, is the divine instructions to us as Momineen. This Kitaab therefore provides us with Deen, the laws of Haqq and Justice, on the basis of which we can do Hikm between people, that means be lawmakers, judge, arbitrators, the maker/issuer of decree, rulings, verdicts, wisdoms, laws and regulations on the basis of the Hikmat of Allah as mentioned in the Kitaab. The use of the word ‘Ara’ika’ here is not referring to the seeing, or shown you, or eyesight, but includes all-encompassing meanings of proven, validated and given evidence of the Kitaab, through addressing each and every faculty of ours, including our intellect and reasoning, i.e., done through logical arguments. Thus, whenever Allah refers Allah’s Kitaab and Hidayah the same word is used, since in order to be on Hidaya, one needs to apply all of the person faculties, especially of reasoning and intellect. Thus, here when Allah says “Indeed, WE have Anzalna upon you the Kitaab with Haqq so that you may Hikam between the people with what Allah Ara’ika you…”. The use of the word Ara’ika stressing the importance of providing evidence, or being given evidence by Allah, through the use of our Aqal or reasoning.

After giving the clear divine instructions in terms of explicit commandment of Allah in terms of what are required to do, thereafter Allah turns to specific don’t, “… And do not Takun (تَكُنْ) to the Khas’eeman (خَصِيمًا) Khay’eneena (لِلْخَائِنِينَ).” Here Allah is giving a specific divine instruction as do not Takun- aim to reach to become Khaseeman Khay’eeneen. The word Khas’eeman, is basically used in Quran in the meanings of someone who fights, argues and disputes, without Haqq and against Haqq, supporting and advocating Baatil and all other forces which are against Haqq, as well as reaching an established state, situation, position or prestige. The word Khay’eneen, is used in Quran in terms of those who are insincere, hypocrites, deceitful, deceivers, etc. but also in terms of more specific meanings of one’s not honoring of one’s Aieman (oath/promise) and Mesaaq with Allah in terms of Allah’s Kitaab. Thus, here after highlighting about the Kitaab, being Anzalna with Haqq, through which we have been instructed to do Hikm between people, when Allah says “and do no Takun (aim) to the Khas’eeman Khay’eneen” thus Allah is basically saying that do not become or aim to become Khas’eeman Khay’eneen, i.e., advocate, support without haqq those who do Khyanat, untrustworthy and deceitful people, as well as become ungrateful and Khay’neen, when you reach a level of standing and prestige.

 

The next Ayah 4:106, “And Allah Astaghfire (وَاسْتَغْفِرِ). Indeed, Allah Kana (كَانَ) Ghafooran (غَفُورًا) Raheeman (رَحِيمًا).” Is connected beautifully to the earlier ayah, wherein Allah is warning against and asking us in explicit terms to not aim to become Khas’eeman Khay’eneen. Thereafter when Allah says “And Allah Astaghfir” means Allah provides protection and shield against the impacts of bad behaviours and conducts through these explicit divine instructions. And that is how Allah is Ghafooran Raheem, i.e. Allah is the one who keep us protection and shielded from the harmful effects of wrong path through Allah’s Kitaab, as well as , if by mistake, any one has treaded on such path, (which in this case is to aim to become Khas’eeman Khay’eneen) then, another option is to bring back Allah in one’s life as Raheem. In order to get back that Privilege of Allah being Raheem for us, we need to do pure TOUBA, a whole process as per Quran. Touba in a nutshell means to take a U-turn – The Three Important Steps of Touba (1) Identify the wrong deed/path, leave the wrong path and make a firm commitment never to commit the wrong deeds again (2) I’Slah- Rectify, Compensate the impacts of the wrong deeds & Reform, (3) Take/stay on the right path, after strengthening Emaan and continue to do Aml-e- Swalehaat- righteous deeds- It’s only after pure Touba, that we will get the privilege of Allah being Raheem back to us and in our lives.

 

The next Ayah 4:107, “And do not Tujadil (تُجَادِلْ) through those who Yukhtanuna (يَخْتَانُونَ) their Nafs (أَنْفُسَهُمْ)….” Here the word Tujadil, is normally translated as argue or dispute them, but the word is also used in terms of arguing or fighting for each other in terms of forming thread into fabric in the way by interlacing long threads together in intertwine and intertwisted fashion, as in to weave together as one strand, be braided together, be cued, entwined or plaited or twined or twisted together. Thus, here when Allah says, “Do not Tujadelu for those who Yukhateluna (going against their Meesaq) their Nafs…”  used here not in terms of meanings of argue or fighting against those, but in terms of taking their help, getting so intertwined with such people that to any outsider both of you look like a single strand, so intertwined with each other, and so connected together, in terms of fighting for each other. The reason why Allah is asking us not to get intertwined with those who are Khay’neen, i.e., who are Yukhtanuna (doing Khayanat w.r.t the Kitaab of Allah and Allah’s divine instructions) their Nafs- their souls, their selves, is then explained in the next phrase as “…Indeed, Allah does not love the one Kana (كَانَ) As’eman (أَثِيمًا) Khawanan (خَوَّانًا).” Means Allah does not like the one who Kana- aim to become or aiming the final end result of one’s actions and behaviour to become As’eman Khawanan. Khawanan is the singular of the word Khay’eneen, means the one who goes against the oath, promise with Allah w.r.t. one’s duties as Ahle kitaab, the deceiver, the hypocrite etc. The word As’em or Is’m the word Is’m means to do something that destroys human faculties, abilities and energy, creating pain & suffering, sadness, reduced energy, losing pace with others.  Also used in the meanings of such wealth, power or comfort that one gets without earning it or without making any efforts for it, without his/her due right. Thus, here when Allah says As’eman Khawanan, Allah is basically referring to the behaviour and conducts of Khawanan as defined by the word As’eman, in both its meanings in terms of destroying human faculties, abilities and energy, creating pain & suffering, sadness, reduced energy, losing pace with others etc. and also aiming benefits of this worldly life, through Zulm, injustice, without due right.

 

This behaviour of those who are As’eman Khawanan is further described in the next Ayah 4:108, “They seek to hide from the people but they can not hide from Allah, and Allah is with them when they Yubayyetuna (يُبَيِّتُونَ) what Allah does not Yarza (يَرْضَىٰ) of the Quool (الْقَوْلِ). And Allah is all-encompassing with what they do.” Here the word Quool is normally translated as speech or sayings, but if we refer to the use of the word in this ayah, “They seek to hide from the people, but they can not hide from Allah, and Allah is with them when they Yubbayetuna (repeated actions to reach) what Allah does not Yarza (approve, accepts, favors) of the Quool. And Allah is all-knowing Muheet’an (All-encompassing) of what they do” Here it’s just not the speech of this As’eman Khawana that Allah is talking about, but in fact their actions and deeds as reflected in the last phrase of the ayah, ‘Allah is all-knowing all encompassing of what they do. This shows that the word Quool, is NOT speech, but actions and actual deeds, not sayings at all. The use of the word Al along with Quool is referring to the Quool, those actions, as is reflected from the use of the earlier word Yubbayetuna- which refer to those actions and behaviors that are done in repeated fashion in order to get to a point where one grows into, turns into, comes to or becomes something (which in this case is reaching to become As’eman Khawana), to go on or keep on doing such actions and repeated those behaviour patterns in terms of practice.

 

The next Ayah 4:109, “Those of you, who Jadaltum (جَادَلْتُمْ) for them in the Hayyat (الْحَيَاةِ) of the world…..” Is not talking about ‘here you are, those who argue for them in this worldly life’, as is normally mistranslated but in fact this Ayah is addressing those who got so got Jadaltum – that is intertwined in terms of fighting for each other, connected in support of each other for them (the Khay’eneen) in this worldly life. Thus, after specifically asking us not to aim to become, or involve in such actions to become Khay’eneen, deceivers, hypocrites, who go behind their Meesaq with Allah in terms of the Kitaab and their duties as Ahle-kitaab, now Allah is addressing those who although are not one of  the Khay’eneen themselves, but who argue, fight and quarrel for them even to the extent of being considered as intertwined and connected with them in their support. To these people, Allah is asking two questions in terms of giving them counter argument against their behaviour of Jadaltum of the Khay’eneen as “….. so who will Yujadilu (يُجَادِلُ) of Allah for them the day of the Qayyamate (الْقِيَامَةِ) or are they Yakunu (يَكُونُ) upon them Wakeelan (وَكِيلًا)? The two counter arguments in the forms of explicit questions are, if you are Jadiltum for the Khayeneen in this worldly life, have you even considered and thought about 1) who will Yujadilu (argue, fight in terms of quarrelling with, got intertwined with them against Allah for them on the day of the Qayyamate (the recompense for their actions) or 2) are you thinking and planning to become upon them Wakeelan- advocate, pleader for them? Basically, this ayah is highlighting and giving ONLY two options to those who are fighting for, arguing in support of, and being intertwined with these Khayeneen in this worldly life, that either 1) on the day of recompense, they would then have to Yujadilu (fight against/argue) against  Allah in support of them, quarrelling with Allah for them or 2) they would be a Waqueel for them, advocating their Khayanat and supporting their actions which as As’eeman, which Allah does not approve of, and which are Khas’eeman-that is going against Haqq on the day of Qayamma too.

 

C.    IMPLEMENTATION IN TODAY’S LIFE:

These Ayahs of Surah An Nissa from Ayah no. 105 to 109, give us the following divine guidance that we can apply in our day to day lives:

1. Allah has given to the mankind the Kitaab, which is Haqq in all its meanings of absolute truth, absolute justice and as our duty and obligation. We have been instructed by Allah to base all our hikm, judgments, rulings, decisions, with Haqq based on the Kitaab of Allah. It’s through the kitaab, that we would be able to establish Deen and Salaat on the basic foundations of deen of care, compassion, and justice between people. The basic prerequisite to understand and follow the Kitaab is to use all our faculties, especially our faculties of reasoning and intellect to its maximum, in order to understand and implement the Deen of Allah.

 

2. We have been specifically instructed to avoid at all costs to become Khaye’neen, the deceivers, those who go behind their oath and promise, in terms of Meesaq with Allah as Ahl-e- Kitaab. Becoming among Khaye’neen is not only becoming someone who fights, argues and disputes, without Haqq and against Haqq, supporting and advocating Baatil and all other forces which are against Haqq, but it also entails specific instructions by Allah not to become Khay’neen when we have reached a position, stage or level of resources or prestige since this would be like we are being ungrateful, and forgetful of all of Allah’s blessings and our Meesaq with Allah. These specific instructions and warnings are the way through which Allah provides protection and shield to us as Ghafoor, of the harmful impacts of being a khawana. Also, if by mistake any of our acts are like that of a Khawanan then we now need to do Touba and Islah to bring Allah back in our lives as Raheem.

 

3. Not only that Allah warns us against becoming one of Khay’eneen, through these Ayahs Allah has given us specific divine instructions, not to fight for, argue for, support for such people who are Khay’eneen in such a manner that they become intertwined with us, in terms of being considered as one, due to our mutual support, advocacy and fight for each other. Their hypocritical and deceiving behaviour is explained in these ayahs, wherein they seek to hide their acts of Khayanat from the general people. But since Allah is all-aware of their behaviour and conducts as to what they really want to achieve, Allah is warning us, as Momineen, neither to become like them or fight or support them by being considered as intertwined with them. Because even if we support them, fight for them, or are fine with being intertwined with them in terms of fighting for each other, in this worldly life, we need to keep in mind, that on the day of Qayammat, wherein the recompense will be done on the basis of the Kitaab, as Haqq and Hikm, then on that day, we would have no choice, except either to fight against Allah for them or to become the advocate of their acts and behaviours of Khay’eneen.

Footnotes:

D.  THE KEY-WORD VOCABULARY:

For the updated Keyword Vocabulary, kindly visit our website at the link https://quranthinkers.com/keyword-vocabulary-by-wqt/